It wasn't "for" teenagers, but it was popular with American teenagers when it came out in 1951! (Though of course that doesn't mean all American teenagers loved it even then; see also Twilight and The Fault in Our Stars). Plus it's short and may seem like a relatively easy read due to Holden's "lousy vocabulary".

The only stories that everyone in my high school English classes liked were "The Lottery" and "The Yellow Wallpaper."